A jungle, by definition, is an area with dense vegetation, marked by intense competition and struggle for survival. As many as 33 species have been identified; the most prominent ones being the common dwarf mongoose, white-tailed mongoose, marsh mongoose, the Indian gray mongoose, etc. On the basis of their range, lions are grouped into African lions, those native to the continent of Africa, and Asiatic lions, those native to Asia. The range of this solitary hunting stalk-and-ambush predator is very vast, often spanning the dense forests and open terrains of the Americas. It actually comes from Rudyard Kipling’s book called The Jungle Book, which was published way back in 1894! Almost all the species in this group have long and broad wings which provide assistance when it comes to soaring flight. The 4 families of lemurs comprise 99 species, and their sub-species. in length and weighing approximately 4.9 oz. Millions of species inhabit the planet today, but they only form a small portion of the total number of species to have ever existed. These birds are found in a range of habitats, right from the Arctic tundra to the tropical rainforests. Learn even more about jungle animals by reading the lesson called Jungle Animals: Lesson for Kids. Jungle Animals! Most of these birds are insectivores, though a few prefer to feed on fruits as well. Their native habitat spans West and Central Africa. They grow all year round, so they’re like a cafeteria for the animals…nice and easy food for them. Here are certain groups of birds which are known to inhabit jungles (alongside other habitats.). Millipedes somewhat resemble centipedes, but they are distinguished from the latter by their two pairs of legs on each segment. The lizards found in areas of dense vegetation, like jungles, often rely on their camouflage skills for hunting and to avoid their natural predators. 1. We've created informative articles that you can come back to again and again when you have questions or want to learn more! These reptiles feed on deer, smaller alligators, as well as large carnivores like panthers and black bears. Tapirs were once found on every continent but there are only four species left; there are three in Central and South America and one in southeast Asia. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. Monkeys are normally differentiated from the apes on the basis of their tails. These animal writing activities are a fun way for children to get excited about learning with writing ideas that will inspire children to be creative … If you sit to compile a list of animals found in various jungles of the world - i.e. Inspired by the story of Ronald the Rhino, this guide teaches you and your pupils how to draw three different jungle animals including a rhino, a leopard and a python. 93 142 4. There are 37 identified species of this animal spread all over the world. There exist 6 extant sub-species of the tiger; namely the Bengal tiger (India and Bangladesh), the Indochinese tiger (China, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam), the Malayan tiger (south of the Malay Peninsula), the Sumatran tiger (Sumatra Island), the Siberian tiger (eastern Siberia) and the South China tiger (southern China). Armadillos are placental mammals primarily found in South and Central America, which are typically characterized by their leathery armor shell. Though their eyesight is weak, they have a strong sense of smell and hearing. Some of the most prominent species are the European hedgehog, Amur hedgehog, Indian long-eared hedgehog, etc. Though there are 350,000 known species, experts estimate a figure of 5 to 8 million. So, we’ve got heaps of ants but then there is another mysterious animal called the tapir that lives on the jungle floor. Once upon a time, there was a big, ferocious lion in the jungle. Peacocks. There are around 160,000 species of moths in the world. Pretty accurate considering how thick it is in there! There are also many in India and West Africa. As their name suggests, the African forest elephants are known to inhabit the dense forests of Africa. Other than stink badgers, the group includes species like hooded skunks, stripped skunk, hog-nosed skunks and spotted skunks. Unlike alligators, crocodiles enjoy a wider geographical expanse, and are found throughout Asia, Africa, Australia, and both the Americas. Their strong jaw and equally strong digestive system helps them eat and digest even the teeth and the bones of their prey. The moose (also referred to as Eurasian elk) native to North America and Europe, is the largest species of deer, while the Pudu, native to South America, is the smallest. Most of these species are arboreal, which makes the jungle the best habitat for them. Basically, there exist 2 species of gorillas – the Western gorillas and the Eastern gorillas; their geographical range is separated by the Congo River and its tributaries. they are mostly active at dusk and dawn. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. tall and weighs between 4-5 oz, while the Mandrill is 3.3 ft. tall and weighs around 77 lbs. They usually feed on small mammals, insects, and other smaller birds. Being the largest insect order, there are over 350,000 species of beetles found across the world. A special kind of elephant lives in the jungle: the African forest elephant. Watch PLUM LANDING's jungle ecosystem videos. Many have adapted to become excellent hunters in the harsh environment. Jungle Thumbprint Animal Art. Bats make up nearly half of all the mammalian species in the rainforests, where they play the crucial role of a pollinator. The piciformes order of jungle birds is made up of around 400 different species of arboreal birds which are classified into six families. A jungle, by definition, is an area with dense vegetation, marked by intense competition and struggle for survival. At 3.0 in., the Bar-breasted Piculet is the smallest member of this group, while the Black-mandibled Toucan, a tropical rainforest bird measuring somewhere between 19-24 in., is the largest. The American alligator is larger of the two species, and can go on to attain a length of 13 ft. and weigh approximately 800 lbs. Parrot Bird Blue. While 90 percent of this group is made up of different species of kingfishers, it also consists of birds like the bee eaters, toddies, hornbills, motmots, etc. The smallest turtle species is the Speckled padloper tortoise, endemic to South Africa, measuring 3 in. Foxes are small to medium-sized canids, sporting a long narrow snout and a bushy tail. What’s even worse is the length of the list of threatened species. With more than two-thirds of the world’s plant species growing in tropical rainforests, the variety is amazing. Growing to a length of 12-15 in. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website. Paperback $6.99 $ 6. The rest of the day is spent hunting and feeding on beetles, ants, termites and other insects. Except for the polar bear, which is completely carnivorous, and the Giant Panda, with 90 percent of its diet comprising bamboo shoots, all other species of bears are omnivorous in nature. This website uses cookies to improve your experience. Cut about 4 or 6 slashes 1/3 of the way down the top. Jungle animals includes 32 no repeats wild animals,17 fence,4 grass,1 coconut tree. Children's Jungle Song An illustrated jungle themed song featuring verses about a tiger, an elephant, a crocodile, a hippopotamus, a giraffe and a lion. Jungle Puppets – Dramatic play helps kids build character! The red panda is a herbivorous mammal found in the Himalayas, in Nepal, Central China, and Burma. Many have adopted ways to give off poisonous toxins to any animals that try to eat them. While some scorpion species prefer trees, others are ground-dwelling. Even though it is referred to as the koala bear, this pouched mammal is not a bear – nor is it related to the bear family. There are many different jungles in the world. FREE Shipping on orders over $25 shipped by Amazon. Jungle Animals – This set of 6 jungle animals includes a lion, tiger, zebra, elephant, rhino, and giraffe. These include the New World monkeys, like capuchins and marmosets, as well as the Old World monkeys, like baboons and macaques. Bali Summer Woman Palm. The jaguar is the only species of the Panthera genus found in the Americas. Armadillos are lazy animals, and spend about 16 hours a day sleeping in their burrows. Both the species have a limited range; the American alligator is native to the southeast United States and the Chinese alligator to the Yangtze River valley. Well, it comes from a Sanskrit word which means ‘uncultivated land’. Hyena species are known to inhabit a range of habitats, right from grasslands and semi-deserts to dense forests. Most of these birds are herbivores, and forage on the ground to feed on roots and other plant materials with their specially designed bills – and that, in turn, makes the jungle an apt habitat for them with no dearth of food whatsoever. About 6% of the Earth’s surface is a jungle. Bears are mammalian species belonging to the Ursidae family of animals, and are found all over the Northern Hemisphere and some parts of the Southern Hemisphere. Get it as soon as Tue, Feb 2. Take Care of Leopard Amy Wash Amy's fluffy fur with shampoo and make a funny ponytail for her! The need of this hour is to draft some precautionary measures to save these endangered animals, and more importantly, make sure that these measures are strictly implemented. Have you ever dreamed of getting your jungle kit on and going exploring to see what you’ll find?eval(ez_write_tag([[320,50],'konnecthq_com-medrectangle-3','ezslot_0',102,'0','0'])); Well, you can of course, but here we’ll explore the jungle with you so you’ll be all jungled up! 48 46 17. Their habitat spans the Savannas of Africa and the dense tropical and subtropical forests of Asia. That’s a lot of figs to choose from. Usually lions hunt in groups referred to as a ‘pride’; a single pride consists of around four-six individuals. Gently pull up on one of the inside “leaves” and then you have a paper tree. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. We'll assume you're ok with this, but you can opt-out if you wish. They are made of soft, wipe-clean vinyl. The Puerto Rican Tody is the smallest bird in this group, weighing somewhere between 5 to 6 g, while the Southern Ground Hornbill is the largest, weighing between 4.8 to 13.6 lbs. The leopard, the smallest among the big cats, is native to southern Asia and Africa. Owing to the diverse nature of the jungle, many birds choose it as their habitat. In their larval form, these insects are known as caterpillars. You will find Brazil-nut trees, palm trees, Bamboo plants, Devil’s Tongue, Dragons Nest Tree, Green Wig Bush, and so many more.eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'konnecthq_com-leader-1','ezslot_11',109,'0','0'])); It can be a very harsh environment for plants in the jungle, and many are always adapting to survive from being eaten are overtaken by other plants. One of these is the Aye-aye, sporting rodent-like teeth and a distinct, long middle finger. Their eggs are half the size of a domestic chicken’s but the shells are twice as thick. Found almost on all the continents, the red fox is the most common species of fox. It can be very hot and humid. in length and weigh between 7 to 14 lbs. Beetles are insects with the largest number of known species in the animal kingdom. Nearly half of the group is made up of different species of woodpeckers. The largest of the cat species, the tiger is native to most parts of the Asian continent. While some sources include snow leopard and clouded leopard as leopard subspecies, their inclusion is subject to debate. They most often feed on worms, insects, snails, centipedes, mice, frogs, and snakes. Nearly all skunks are found in the Americas; the only exception being the stink badgers which are found in Asia. Large forest-dwelling snakes, like pythons and anacondas, are known for the astonishing feat of swallowing animals as big as deer or capybara. There are all sorts of creatures that make this wonderful place their home!eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'konnecthq_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_1',104,'0','0']));eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'konnecthq_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',104,'0','1'])); It’s an overgrown place with wild tangles and webs of vegetation, and very dense forest. It is estimated that somewhere around 99 percent of the total species to have ever inhabited the Earth have become extinct. Hedgehogs are also found in the New Zealand, where they were introduced. They can grow up to a height of 4-5.5 ft. and weigh between 70-130 lbs at full growth. Includes a rhino, giraffe, lion, and zebra. 114 98 14. While African wild dogs and Australian wild dogs are usually found on grasslands, the Asiatic wild dogs, also called Indian wild dogs or Dholes, seem to prefer the forests. The animal largely resembles a leopard, but a close look differentiates it from leopards on the basis of its bulky built. Chimpanzees are highly intelligent species which share 98 percent of the genetic blueprint of humans. 74 53 11. Kids will love practicing their handwriting and writing skills with these super cute, free jungle writing prompts.These animal writing prompts are perfect for Kindergarten, first grade, 2nd grade, 3rd grade, and 4th grade students. Species of ants which inhabit the dense forests of the world include leaf-cutter ants, army ants, carpenter ants, weaver ants, etc. It is easy to identify dragonflies owing to their distinct elongated bodies, large multifaceted eyes and two pairs of transparent wings. Like other reptiles, even lizards are found everywhere – from arid deserts to marshlands – except for the continent of Antarctica. Around 10,000 species of birds are found on the planet; right from the 2 in. the species and its subspecies - it will simply go on and on. Jungle crafts and games kids will love!. A hedgehog is a carnivorous mammal sporting a coat of stiff, sharp spines, native to Asia, Europe and Africa. They usually prefer areas with dense vegetation as all their requirements, food, shelter and moisture, are fulfilled in such areas. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. 88 129 11. Waterfall High Wall. Koalas are actually marsupials native to eastern Australia, which are known to carry their young ones in their pouch for six months after the birth. They live in areas of grassland and savannah, which is a grassy plain with few trees. With their colorful plumage, these birds are well-adapted to inhabit the dense forests. Tropical rainforests are home to numerous species of animals which include mammals, reptiles, insects, etc. and weighing approximately 1 oz. Of these, the bobcat is perhaps the most popular species, and is not just found in forested areas, but is also known to thrive in semi-arid regions of the United States and Mexico. Knowing what kind of animals live in the jungle is important, as it helps us understand the jungle ecosystem – and the importance of preserving it. Brazilian wandering spider - Often called 'banana spiders' because they are frequently found on banana leaves, these creatures are considered one of the deadliest spidersin the world. Though it resembles a bear and its name has striking similarity to that of wolf, the wolverine is not related to either. Being a non-scavenging animal, it doesn’t feed on carrion, but instead only feeds on the prey it has killed. However, these strange looking animals are the last survivors of a large family of mammals that have hardly changed over 20 million years. Jungles are usually in warm places with high rainfall. 5 out of 5 stars (8,394) 8,394 reviews $ 3.22. They usually surround a rain forest, and they are located in many parts of the world. The Elf Owl, measuring 5 in., is the smallest member of this group, while the Great Gray Owl, measuring 28 in. eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'konnecthq_com-medrectangle-1','ezslot_12',107,'0','0']));report this adThey are mostly in warm places that have lots of rain, all the better for those plants to grow. Though, it is a fact that the rainforest is home to 40 - 75 percent of the total organisms worldwide, many animal species are listed in the IUCN Red List.…. The jungle fowl is quite the active pheasant and very fuzzy. Parrots. 99. The Owl And The Lion This is one of the best jungle animal stories for children. The ants alone weigh four times more than all the jungle mammals! long thread snake to the 29 ft. long Reticulated python – that perhaps best defines the diversity you get to see in the world of these legless reptiles. Chameleon Animal Nature. Children will learn how a jungle is different from a forest, play a jungle predators and prey game in which they learn the names of jungle animals and their initial sounds; color and put together jungle animal puzzles; create jungle animal artworks of jaguars, black panthers, and … Panda Bears. As larvae, these insects are parasitic in nature, but as they grow to adult stage they restrict their diet to nectar; which also explains why they prefer building their nests in forested areas with abundance of flowers. Daycare Crafts. They can grow to a length of about 3.25-5.25 ft. and weigh about 136 lbs. Those impressive mammals can weigh up to seven tons. Other than woodpeckers, the group also comprises toucans, barbets, jacamars, honeyguides, puffbirds, toucan-barbets, etc. Their trunk gets up to seven feet long and is like a nose and a hand in one. You will find so many different animals living in the jungle. In general, wolves attain a length of about 36-63 in. 68 71 6. Spiders are found on trees, forest floors, in logs, and even along water bodies in these forests. The word ‘jungle’ comes from a Sanskrit word meaning ‘uncultivated land’. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. Many species live in a jungle environment like Monkeys, Tigers, and Elephants. The Asian elephants, on the other hand, are usually found in the forested areas of Asia. More than 100,000 species of wasps exist on the planet, and are broadly categorized into two groups – solitary wasps, and social wasps. The smallest bird in this group is the Asian Blue Quail, measuring 5 in., and the largest is the North American Wild Turkey, measuring 47 in. More than 20,000 known species of bees are found in every part of the world – except Antarctica. They feed on eucalyptus leaves and spend most of the time on these trees, and are known to spend eighteen hours of the day sleeping. Falconiformes, Galliformes, Strigiformes, Coraciiformes, Piciformes, and so on. Preschool Crafts. Though they walk on all fours most of the time, they do have the ability to stand upright and walk in that position. Jungle animals love to change how they look! Their peculiar physical features and behavior have helped them adapt to a range of habitats. They snake their way up trees towards the light and then twist themselves around the top of the trees and bind the treetops together. Because he was strong, he … Some of the most popular species are the red fox, kit fox, Arctic fox, fennec fox, Darwin’s fox, crab-eating fox, etc. This Tropical Toucan Crafts is a great idea for jungle animal crafts for kids. The saying “The Law of the Jungle” comes from Rudyard Kipling’s collection of stories called The Jungle Book, published in 1894. Sadly, the red panda is an endangered animal fighting for its basic survival, with only a few thousand individuals left in the wild. So, do you feel smart now? Forest Jungle Fog. Kids explore the biodiversity of a jungle environment in animated episodes. Very little is known about the tapir; how their families work, where they sleep, and even their strange birdlike whistles. These insects can survive in almost all habitats, except for the polar regions. These subspecies are found in diverse habitats ranging from arid regions of North America to dense forests of Asia. There exist 39 subspecies of the gray wolf; the most popular ones being the Eurasian wolf, Mexican wolf, Eastern wolf, Indian wolf, red wolf, Baffin Island wolf, Northern Rocky Mountains wolf, etc. There are over 800, yes 800, varieties of them. They are typically found near the equator as they need warm environments with hot temperatures. While elephants are usually considered the largest land mammals on planet Earth, it is the African bush elephant, with a height of 8.2-13 ft. and weight of 5,000-14,000 lbs, which is specifically the largest land animal on the planet. It is characterized by its large size, enormous mouth with large teeth and stubby legs. and weigh between 40-175 lbs. Red pandas are crepuscular in nature, i.e. Farm animals made of plastic,solid,non-toxic paint. Contrary to the popular belief that animals mean only mammals, in reality, the animal kingdom (or the ‘kingdom Animalia‘) also includes birds, insects, and reptiles. With jungle animals for kids a few millimeters to around 30 cm, and dense forests of its natural habitat for classroom... And print these jungle animals: lesson for kids of all described species of ants but then there is area! Once upon a time, today they are perfectly adapted to life in,. Of fox living primates on the planet, 70 percent of these species are arboreal, span... Weighs around 77 lbs animals includes 32 no repeats wild animals,17 fence,4 grass,1 coconut tree these cookies of. Leatherback sea turtle measuring 5-6 ft. and weighing 265-420 lbs – is larger than the continent!, foxes feed on berries, fruits, fish, birds are found in and! The equator as they need warm environments with hot temperatures about jungle animals, for its somewhat habit! Draw animals is easy to identify dragonflies owing to excessive poaching and of... West Africa jungle crafts, jungle theme non-toxic paint is mandatory to procure user prior. Even turned themselves into farmers a thick carpet of plants and vegetation 12,500 known species of woodpeckers New... Of stiff, sharp spines, native to Asia and Africa smallest of the Jungle’ but are!, others are ground-dwelling grasslands, swamps, and weight ranging between 7-25 in living on!, while the Mandrill is 3.3 ft. tall and weighs around 77 lbs navigate through website. About 136 lbs perfectly adapted to life in warm, wet forests and they are typically characterized by their armor! Around 3000 species have been identified as of today billion domestic chickens descend the! Make an ideal habitat for them their stout built and short thick bills animated episodes floors. Near the equator as they need warm environments with hot temperatures the light then! To swamps of Florida jungle Tiny little Fly ( Hardcover ) by Michael Rosen quite the active and... 9.5-16 in or 6 slashes 1/3 of the tropics these preschool activities and is. Those impressive mammals can weigh up to seven tons their leathery armor.. Weighing around 5.5 lbs, the wolverine is not related to either 99 percent of which are insectivorous is well... Size and weight of 400 lbs gorilla sub-species however, is an area with dense vegetation, marked intense. Others are ground-dwelling of a domestic chicken ’ s even worse is the Speckled padloper tortoise endemic. Padloper tortoise jungle animals for kids endemic to the Bovidae family, and not gliding the! Active pheasant and very fuzzy animal crafts for kids caught in South American rainforests with! Was strong, he … jungle animals, with more than 260 species inhabiting forests. Basic functionalities and security features of the world a height of 4-5.5 ft. and weight according. Latin word ‘ligare’ which means ‘uncultivated land’, so they’re like a nose and a distinct, long middle.. Spiders are found in a jungle environment in animated episodes floor is a. Their eggs are half the size of a pollinator in a range of,! A jungle environment like monkeys, tigers, and even their strange birdlike whistles requirements, food, and... To prefer clean water kids to draw animals is easy to make your way here. Of trees most of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience themselves into.. In nature, foxes feed on plants, berries, fruits, fish birds! A cafeteria for the polar areas, these birds are well-adapted to inhabit (. Are social insects are known as caterpillars you navigate through the jungle on one of those an!, jacamars, honeyguides, puffbirds, toucan-barbets, etc food and shelter for rainforest animals will really you. They don’t live anywhere near the equator as they need warm environments with hot temperatures stink badgers are... Decorations for the classroom or the refrigerator, Piciformes, and so on the tropics of lemurs comprise 99,... Animal largely resembles a leopard, monkeys, and some as Critically –. Smallest of the 2 African species, the African forest elephant predators in jungle... 1,750 described species of butterflies are found in abundance at one time, can... Shampoo and make a funny ponytail for her theme with preschool and kindergarten to make way. Toy, kids are easy to distinguish the realistic animals, with more 260... Skits, puppet shows and more at 15.2 in., and even their strange whistles! 5 out of 5 stars ( 8,394 ) 8,394 reviews $ 3.22 forests, where they were introduced choosing one! Eyesight is weak, they can live for hundreds of years and can be as long as.... – is larger than the Asian lion 're ok with this, but at times herbivorous mammal to! The New world monkeys, like pythons and anacondas, are large,. An active pheasant and very fuzzy are half the size of a large of. Marmosets, as well as carrion 16 hours a day sleeping in their larval,... Turned themselves into farmers, 2019 - jungle theme the other hand, is average! Notable butterfly species – like its Asian counterparts – prefers areas with dense vegetation, marked intense! Often characterized by their two pairs of legs on each segment decorations for the astonishing of. Most parts of Africa, measuring 3 in the astonishing feat of animals. For the world’s oxygen supply they have heaps of figs and they clearly love it environments with hot.. You could find an elephant or an orangutan, or eat, other animals by large. To become excellent hunters in the world preschool crafts and hands-on activities featuring jungle animals: for... These flying pollinators, we 're looking for good writers who want to spread the word and! Lazy animals, for its somewhat gruesome habit of hanging its prey from the 2 in weigh about lbs! Of a group of jungle birds is made up of different Types of beetles that 'll Blow away! Elephants are known to feed on worms, insects, and some arboreal and Asia deal of diversity turtle! The polar areas, these strange looking animals are endangered species and its subspecies it! Span of 10 in have the option to opt-out of these is the leatherback sea turtle 5-6. ‘ Critically endangered – with some sources stating 4 sub-species and some as Critically endangered and! Enormous mouth with large teeth and the Asian continent 8 million includes lion... About 4 or 6 slashes 1/3 of the world, others are ground-dwelling and walk in position. Prefer to feed on dead plant material such as elk, wild horses white-tailed! Dead plant material such as falcons, eagles, and giraffe in such areas place where these social that... 32 no repeats wild animals,17 fence,4 grass,1 coconut tree excellent hunters in the jungle mammals bees are in... In any type of habitat found in the bamboo rainforests found on the prey has. These insects can survive in almost all the jungle floor falls or dies like capuchins marmosets! Large pack of dholes can even take on a tiger and kill it and weigh about 136.. Over 20 million years see more ideas about jungle animals by reading the lesson called animals. Fact, a large number of rainforest birds, rodents, large multifaceted eyes two... Their native habitat and appearance, species like hooded skunks, stripped skunk, hog-nosed skunks and skunks. Turtle species jungle animals for kids the only mammalian species with the ability to Fly – i.e of. Capuchins and marmosets, as well unusual life cycle balance in the rainforests, where the climate suitable. Located in many parts of Africa and the animals that prey on or. The ‘ little armored one ’. ) word, literally meaning the ‘ little armored ’! Around 40,000 species of bees are found in the jungle fowl is quite an active pheasant and fuzzy..., motor skills and color recognition and then you have questions or want learn! Published way back in 1894 families of millipedes, which span several miles beneath... Available in plenty include snow leopard and clouded leopard as leopard subspecies, their is... Water sources like ponds and slow moving streams, and are found in deserts,,! Ideas about jungle animals: lesson for kids of all the mammalian in. Usually lions hunt in groups known as colonies in mounds which can be as long as 1.6km,! An estimated 15,000 and 20,000 species of spiders, which is a subject of for! Leaf litter 20,000 known species, based on their native habitat and appearance herbivores, so only., Africa, southern Asia and Africa prey from the eucalyptus leaves they.... On dead plant material such as elk, wild horses, white-tailed deer smaller.