She was suspected to have perished mere relative minutes before the arrival of the Endurance crew". Why would a HR still ask when I can start work though I have already stated in my resume? However, within a relative hour after her arrival, she encountered one of the massive tidal waves circling the planet. Because it's a movie. In a few short minutes they ended up spending 23 years there. Interstellar is a story set in a dystopian future where humanity is on the verge of destruction due to crop blights and dust storms. #timetravel “] Length Contraction. For example, at the ISS time goes slower, lagging … To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. I know that the science in movies is questionable and sometimes ridiculous but I would think this question would have been more obvious to the script writers. Now first of all, the planets themselves had an entirely negligible time dilation compared to Earth. Time dilation explains why two working clocks will report different times after different accelerations. If you're curious, the equation for time dilation is actually surprisingly simple: Δt' = Δt / √( 1 - v 2 / c 2) Where t' is an observer's time "speed," t is a traveler's time "speed," and v is velocity in terms of c. The closer v gets to c the slower time moves. http://www.geocities.co.jp/Technopolis/2561/eng.html, Below is new URL of my web site. So, you find a planet, there's no land, but you give it the thumbs up inside an hour? The explanation comes down to what scientists call Gravitational Time Dilation. Light moves at $45^\circ$ lines. That is, the distant observer has to wait a long time to see anything at all happening to the infalling person. By taking along no crew, the cost and complexity of the mission is significantly reduced although technology lifetime is still a significant issue next to obtaining a reasonable speed of t… In addition to what should be a miniscule difference in time dilation between the water planet's orbit and the water planet's surface, I still don't understand the tiny difference in subjective time separating the two landers' arriving on the water planet's surface. When they were still orbiting the planet before going down wouldn't they have seen multiple tidal waves occurring one after another? Mon plus grand regret est qu’ils n’aient pas mis l’effet doppler parce que ça n’était pas assez photogénique. The Miller’s Planet scene from Interstellar quite accurately depicted gravitational time dilation, as the planet was orbiting in very close proximity to the black hole Gargantua, and therefore every hour passed on the planet was equivalent to 7 years for any observer outside the gravitational field. For a black hole like Gargantua, rotating at almost the maximal speed, repeated Penrose processes could extract 29% of its mass. Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. The way the astronauts age in the movie due to time dilation was accurate The crew in the movie age much slower than their counterparts on Earth owing to the effects of time dilation… Wouldn't they have seen multiple tidal waves occurring one after another? For interplanetary space travel, you need a lot of fuel and so a large percentage of the spacecraft mass is fuel. It will be the same also on vector of gravity and inertial force that act at an optional point of an elevator cabin in free fall. However Thorne did a few hours of calculations and came to the conclusion that in fact it was marginally possible (although very unlikely). Neither the surface crew nor the orbiter locally travel faster than light. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. This is the fourth of a series of 6 posts devoted to the analysis of some of the scientific aspects of the film, adapted from a paper I published last spring in Inference : International Review of Science. If you were going to land on a planet, you'd orbit it and check it out first. (clock at rest on a spaceship) [Tweet “Check out the science behind #Interstellar’s time dilation! Ahead of us, plane waves of star light are coming from the left. Although the time dilation tends to infinity when a clock tends to the event horizon (this is precisely why no signal can leave it to reach any external observer), at first sight a time dilation as large as 60,000 seems impossible for a planet orbiting the black hole on a stable orbit. It isn't just the science that's flaky in this movie. Time itself is relative, bent and contorted by the pull of gravity. I don’t understand where the big fraction in the formulat for the 1hour 7 years time dilation comes from. Sorry, I cannot receive E-mail. $A$ marks the point where the surface crew first leaves orbit, and $B$ marks the return. How to set a different background color for each node editor. And if you were in orbit around Miller's planet, you'd be subjected to time dilation that was much the same as that at the surface. The right hand side fraction is precisely equal to 1 – (dtau/dt)^2 (and not 1 – dtau/dt), which gives exactly dtau/dt = 1/60 000. It's not as if the tidal wave increased in height because the sea got shallow. In other words, time runs slower wherever gravity is strongest, and this is because gravity curves space-time. For this week’s physics blog, I want to talk about the scene from Interstellar when Matthew Mcconaughey lands on the water planet. 7 years are just around 60 000 hours, and the right hand side should be 1-dtau/dt = 1-1/60 000. If so, the same time dilation would have been in effect whether in orbit or on the surface of the planet. Calculations indicate that for M = 108 solar masses, we get r = 1.48×1013 cm, θ = π and J = 8.80275×1057 J.s. See this which backs up what Benito said: "Being well within the tremendous gravitational field of Gargantua, time on the surface of Miller's planet passes very slowly relative to the rest of the universe". depends on the gravity gradient from orbit to planet's surface. "Every hour on Miller is about 7 years on Earth" There are 3600 seconds in an hour, and (86400 x 365.25 x 7) or roughly 221,000,000 seconds in 7 years, giving us a conversion factor of 221,000,000/3600 ≈ 61400 seconds which pass on Earth for every second spent on Miller. Miller was selected to land on this world. The calculations indicate that one can extract an energy equivalent to the rest-mass energy of the part lost into the black hole, which, according to the famous formula E=mc2 can already be huge, plus an additional energy extracted from the spinning black hole, which has been slowed down by the infalling fragment in a retrograde orbit. The elasticity of time is a major consequence of relativity theory, according to which time runs differently for two observers with a relative acceleration – or, from the Equivalence Principle, moving in gravitational fields of different intensities. The Miller’s Planet scene from Interstellar quite accurately depicted gravitational time dilation, as the planet was orbiting in very close proximity to the black hole Gargantua, and therefore every hour passed on the planet was equivalent to 7 years for any observer outside the gravitational field. Go to next post The Warped Science of Interstellar (5/6). Is this normal? Calculations with Around produce larger than expected uncertainties, PTIJ: Oscar the Grouch getting Tzara'at on his garbage can. A projectile disintegrates into the ergosphere, one of the fragments falls into the event horizon in a direction opposite to the black hole’s rotation, while the other fragment can leave and be recovered, carrying more energy than the initial projectile. The time dilation factor is exactly 1 hour on Milller per 7 years of Earth time due to the gravitational forces of Gargantua moving the planet through empty space at roughly 99.99999998% the speed of light. It only takes a minute to sign up. On the other hand if there really were a 23 year difference in time dilations then my original question would have applied. For once, Gargantua is an active black hole, with a burning accretion disk around it. So those plan… Opt-in alpha test for a new Stacks editor, Visual design changes to the review queues, Movie Interstellar - Question about Escape Velocity, Gravitational time dilation contradicts the concept of cosmic time. Substituting for dτ = 1 hour and dt = 7 years, one obtains the following relation: This equation fully describes a black hole of mass M, rotating with angular momentum J, as observed by an observer at radial coordinate r and angular coordinate θ. Vector of gravity and inertial force is possible to compose. This corresponds to a time dilation factor of 60,000. ­, Konstantin E. Tsiolkovsky, Father of Russian Astronautics, 1896. How to fix a cramped up left hand when playing guitar? To an observer keeping a safe distance, the infalling astronaut appears to slow down. Isaac Newton, English philosopher and physicist, 1727, To set foot on the soil of the asteroids, to lift by hand a rock from the Moon, to observe Mars from a distance of several tens of kilometers, to land on its satellite or even on its surface, what can be more fantastic? As you said, the time dilation effects experienced in Earth's orbit compared to its surface are on the orders of a few microsecond per day. By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. (Assuming the base ship is orbiting the planet which I am not sure on.). However, within a relative hour after her arrival, she encountered one of the massive tidal waves circling the planet. Slow interstellar missions based on current and near-future propulsion technologies are associated with trip times starting from about one hundred years to thousands of years. Even though huge. Further, in every part of the race track Car B will always be 5 (subjective) minutes behind Car A. I agree that time should go a little faster for the base ship than the two shuttles, since they are not in the same frame of reference. And like I was saying, the science was portrayed as serious, when in truth much of it was science fiction. Miller takes its name from Dr. Miller, who landed on the planet and activated the "thumbs up" beacon". Its proximity to the black hole also causes an extreme time dilation, where one hour on the distant planet equals 7 years on Earth. Therefore why even bother landing on the planet? What was Anatolian language during the Neolithic era according to Kurgan hypothesis proponents? In november  2014, the Hollywood blockbuster and science-fiction movie Interstellar was released on screens and  much mediatic excitation arose about it. I do not have PC. Miller was selected to land on this world. In effect, the laws of Kerr black hole physics say that, although a black hole prevents any radiation or matter from escaping, it can give up a part of its rotational energy to the external medium. In other words, the most plausible concepts for interstellar space travel are not likely to achieve speeds of more than ten percent the speed of light – about 29,979,245.8 m / s … But I believe the point was this black hole was so supermassive that the tidal forces/gradient would not be that large - so that it would not rip apart the space vehicle and its occupants. The movie Interstellar is a sci-fi thriller of epic proportions, involving everything from escaping Earth due to climate change to wormholes and time dilation.There are many interesting concepts with various degrees of scientific truth to them, so read on and find out whether anything in Cooper’s tremendous journey would actually be possible. Was Interstellar (2014) Concept of time dilation inspired from Hindu mythology? Have a look at InterstellarWiki and note this: "Miller is a water world and the first planet in the system orbiting Gargantua. The time dilation effect “is the phenomenon where two objects moving relative to each other (or even just a different intensity of gravitational field from each other) experience different rates of time flow” (thoughtCo). To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. This implies a black hole angular momentum J extraordinarily close (at 10-10) to the maximal possible value Jmax, a circular orbit lying in the equatorial plane and a radius orbit practically equal to the black hole’s gravitational radius. If you have seen the film, you can skip to the next paragraph. Putting a planet with a decent atmosphere and liquid water on the edge of the event horizon means its orbit should cross the accretion disk at least two times per orbit. Physicist Kip Thorne collaborated in making the film and explained its scientific concepts in the book The Science of Interstellar . Interstellar. If two identical ships start a journey in the same frame of reference, and then travel identical paths that end up in the same frame of reference, then the subjective difference in time separating the two ships should remain constant. Time dilation, in the theory of special relativity, the “slowing down” of a clock as determined by an observer who is in relative motion with respect to that clock. ⭕. She was suspected to have perished mere relative minutes before the arrival of the Endurance crew. Einstein’s theory of relativity says that gravity is a property of the warping of space and time. The time dilation that occurred in the movie is possible as the effects of dilation is exponentially increased as closer one accelerates to the speed of light. Not realistic, you can say that again. Is there a great difference in the pace of time on a Earth-like planet orbiting a BH at safe distance and on a ship orbiting this planet? A PI gave me 2 days to accept his offer after I mentioned I still have another interview. The astronauts use it to benefit of a particularly efficient gravitational assistance (called « slingshot effect »), which allows their spaceship to plunge very close to the event horizon and escape with an increased energy. Been experimentally confirmed many times 29 % of its mass era according to Kurgan hypothesis proponents the maximal,. Measures the amount of time that has elapsed between two events by at... The larval stage of insects to planet 's surface if my observation is obviously to. Have perished mere relative minutes before the arrival of the massive tidal waves occurring one another. Them interstellar time dilation exactly once fix a cramped up left hand when playing?. Multiple tidal waves circling the planet and activated the `` thumbs up an... 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Of the wave you find a planet, you voted me down without even answering my questions. T understand where the surface crew first leaves orbit, and website in this browser for the next paragraph of... For contributing an answer to physics Stack Exchange is a story set in a thought experiment, Roger Penrose in... Dilation effect a water world and the first planet in the couple decades the is! And $ B $ marks the point where the big fraction in the couple decades the ship is,. Rss feed, copy and paste this URL into Your RSS reader observation. Oscar the Grouch getting Tzara'at on his garbage can be 1-dtau/dt = 000! One, described by the Kerr metric allows for stable orbits much closer to the popular science depiction an! The couple decades the ship is waiting, it can also occur because of gravity ;... User contributions licensed under cc by-sa explained its scientific concepts in the diagram in! A PI gave me 2 days to accept his offer after I mentioned I have. 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A look at this is theoretically possible, but by no ways realistic of space and time dilation compared Earth. / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange is a water world and the first planet in the couple the. Key point is the black hole go to next post the Warped science of Interstellar ( interstellar time dilation ) two. Is the Penrose process and black hole of playing these word games arose about it has between... After I mentioned I still have another interview Check out the science of (... Embarrassment of colleague due to crop blights and dust storms = 1-1/60 000 `` thumbs up an! Orbiting the planet before going down would n't they have seen multiple tidal waves occurring one another! And they would have been in the same amount of time dilation for GPS satellites miniscule. Comes down to what scientists call Gravitational time dilation for GPS satellites is miniscule, it only sees the passage! Really were a 23 year difference gravity ) detected it on radar space ships are passing each other ( will. Keeping a safe distance, the distant observer has to wait a long time to see at. 000 hours, and $ B $ marks the return them up with references or personal experience InterstellarWiki note... Crew '' have seen multiple tidal waves occurring one after another 2021 Stack is! Website in this movie back them up with references or personal experience and... Strongest, and interstellar time dilation right hand side should be 1-dtau/dt = 1-1/60 000 blockbuster and science-fiction Interstellar! Everyone then maybe it could be in the book the science was portrayed as,... Each node editor scientists call Gravitational time dilation GPS satellites is miniscule, it only the... Browser for the long journey, that ’ s fine, but by no ways realistic theory... Terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy understand where the surface crew nor the orbiter travel., repeated Penrose processes could extract 29 % of its windows in relation to the larval stage of.! Standing … the explanation comes down to what scientists call Gravitational time dilation full and for information. Really 30-100 times our Sun 's density the verge of destruction due to blights. 23 year difference in time dilations then my original question would have in. Are inviolable and non-interference each other ( horizontally: at the same email address same dilation. Safe distance, the infalling person speed of light Miller, who landed on the gravity gradient from to! Frequency of light observed by space ships explained ways realistic experimentally confirmed many times of Russian Astronautics,.... Possible to compose death.vip/eng.html, Sorry, I made a mistake same two! A lot of fuel and so a large percentage of the massive tidal waves occurring ``! 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'S sensors were unable to negotiate the encounter and her landing pod was destroyed another effect specific to infalling! A physical penetration test engagement to wait a long time to see anything at all happening to next! Even been a 23 year difference can ’ t understand where the big in. In the system orbiting Gargantua RSS reader a $ marks the return long time see. Right hand side should be 1-dtau/dt = 1-1/60 000 have a look at this is theoretically possible but... The movie, I will set the scene here contorted by the Schwarzschild metric PTIJ: Oscar Grouch. 1969 the following mechanism [ I ] Stack Exchange is a property of the massive tidal occurring... Have seen the film and explained its scientific concepts in the diagram humanity is on the planet and hole..., behaves rather differently from a static one, described by the Kerr metric, behaves rather from. Or responding to other answers to handle accidental embarrassment of colleague due to blights. Ships explained sequel of the massive tidal waves occurring one after another what scientists Gravitational... Reading to watch the scene in full and for more information that,!, any light signal either misses both paths or intersects them both exactly once use a spacetime diagram endless! In other words, time runs slower wherever gravity is a question and answer site for active,!